We already
discussed the first FDA approved cancer vaccine, Provenge©, an
individualized treatment for metastatic (late stage) prostate cancer. The Journal of the National Cancer Institute recently published an article explaining the
process of developing new cancer vaccines. According to the National Cancer
Institute there are currently nine phase III clinical trials and 64 phase II
clinical trials testing cancer vaccines. Cancer vaccines are developed to treat
cancer—they’re not preventive.
The problem
in developing vaccines has been to find a way to stimulate the body’s immune
system to fight cancer. Cancer cells produce antigens which in turn trigger an
immune response—often too weak to kill or weaken the cancer cells. NCI
researchers are studying numerous ways to make it easier for your immune system
to identify and mount a stronger response to destroy cancer cells. Cancer
treatment vaccines have two goals. First, they must stimulate specific immune
responses against the correct target. Second, the immune response must be
strong enough to overcome the barriers that cancer cells use to protect
themselves.
Vaccines
were first tested on patients with late stage cancer who had suppressed (weakened)
immune systems. Some current trials focus on patients with earlier stage
cancers and stronger immune systems. Vaccines may work better when combined
with standard treatments including chemotherapy and radiation.
Are you
interested in a cancer clinical trial using a cancer vaccine? Go to the NCI clinical trials database
and check out your type of cancer and see what clinical trials are available.
Vaccines have the added benefit of minimal toxic side effects.
Want to
know more about cancer vaccines? The NCI has an extensive Cancer Vaccine Fact Sheet online.
To put a smile on your face see Larry's latest cartoon
(c) 2012 Tom Beer and Larry Axmaker
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